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Watson Government
The Watson Government was the third federal Executive Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister Chris Watson of the Australian Labour Party (later renamed Australian Labor Party) from 27 April 1904 – 18 August 1904. The Watson Government was the first Labor Party national government in both Australia and in the world.〔Ross McMullin; Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition; Edited by Michelle Grattan; New Holland; 2013; p.56〕〔(Australia's Prime Ministers - Watson - In Office ); primeministers.naa.gov.au〕 It succeeded the First Deakin Government and was led by Prime Minister Chris Watson, from 27 April 1904 – 18 August 1904. Watson was aged just 37 when he became Prime Minister of Australia, and remains the youngest person to have held the post〔(Australia's Prime Ministers - Watson - In Office ); primeministers.naa.gov.au〕
==Background==
The Australian Federal Parliament had come into being with the Federation of Britain's Australian colonies in 1901. Edmund Barton's Protectionists held power in coalition with Labour, until Barton was succeeded by Alfred Deakin. The short-lived first Deakin Government failed to pass any legislation in the fledgling Australian Federal Parliament, and its shaky coalition with the Labour Party did not long survive the December 1903 Election. By the resumption of Parliament in March 1904, the Deakin Government had fallen, amid a dispute over a Labour Party amendment to the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill.〔(Australia's Prime Ministers - Deakin - In Office ); primeministers.naa.gov.au〕
Under Watson, Labour had adopted a policy of support for the Barton and Deakin Governments in return for concessions. However, the response of the conservative Victorian Government to a railway strike led Federal Labour to stridently pursue inclusion of state public servants within the ambit of the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, which Deakin was reluctant to accept. Labour made gains at the 1903 Election, and when Deakin sought to reintroduce his Bill following the election, the Labour ammendment was again carried, leading Deakin to resign.〔Ross McMullin; ''Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition''; Edited by Michelle Grattan; New Holland; 2013; p.58〕
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